Management 5 Essays - Industrial And Organizational Psychology

Butterfield employs the Autocratic style of leadership. As indicated in the case, Butterfield was ambitious and some-what power-oriented; similarly, autocratic leaders depend on power. With this type of leadership, managers make as many decisions as possible and have the most authority and control over decision making. This is exactly what Butterfield did; his approach was to take control, make decisions and to use his authority to carry out his decisions. Butterfield believed that he knew what was best for the company and felt and acted in the sense that the obligation of the employees were to follow all orders give by him. He never consulted with the staff to get their input on what could have been done differently or could have assisted in increasing productivity...

Electrical Fire Causes Half Million in Damages to Calistoga Inn

Electrical Fire Causes Half Million in Damages to Calistoga Inn Introduction Fires are real and a constant threat in places of every kind. They not only cause costly damage to facilities and equipment but also cause numerous injuries and deaths. The Calistoga Inn located at 1250 Lincoln Avenue suffered a blaze on August 28 2012.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Electrical Fire Causes Half Million in Damages to Calistoga Inn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fire began at 3:13 am and it took fire fighter nearly twenty minutes to bring the fire under control. Although the cause of the fire is still under investigation, evidence has it that the fire was caused by an electrical malfunction in one of the bathroom appliances. Eric Goose, a guest at the hotel that night, reported that he had seen a glow from the bathroom that triggered him to go to all the guest rooms alerting the other guests of the looming danger (Scully, 2012, p. 4). This paper explores the Calistoga Inn fire highlighting the specific sections of the 29 CFR 1910.164 and 29 CFR 1910. 165 that were neglected by the Calistoga Inn administration, the specific hazards that were faced by the employees and quests at the Inn as well as the corrective actions that the administration needs to consider in preventing a similar occurrence in the future. General fire prevention and control Fire prevention entails avoiding it completely. The four main requirements for a fire to occur are heat, oxygen, fuel, and a self-sustaining chemical reaction (Jones, 2008, p. 6). The self-sustaining chemical reaction propagates the action of the three components. According to Schroll, â€Å"fuel is anything that will burn† and â€Å"heat comes in the form of an ignition† (2001, p.26). Almost all places have not only fuel but also heat sources. Therefore, the essence of fire prevention is to keep all types of fuel separated from heat and heat separated from fuels. Fire control can be achieved by using either automatic systems or the manual efforts of the people within the affected area e.g. employees or the fire department of a facility. For a long period, automatic systems have proved to be the best in controlling as well as extinguishing fires. If properly installed, automatic fire control systems are able to control the fire during its early stages-while the fire is still small. It is noteworthy that to achieve such efficiency, they must be properly designed, installed and maintained. Research has shown that they provide the best defense against fires (Schroll, 2001, p. 27). On the other hand, manual fire control is risky to the people involved. Careful consideration is essential in determining the involvement of the facility’s personnel in manual fire fighting. Additionally, the use of portable fire extinguishers may pose a great threat to the lives of the personnel. There are three main types of defense against fire. The most effective and safe involves the use of eng ineering controls. These do not require human intervention for their functionality when required.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They are the most reliable not only in handling but also in prevention and protection issues. However, they are not a perfect method since there are certain aspects that may interfere with their functionality either accidentally or intentionally. The second type of fire controls is the administrative controls. They require human involvement thus tend to be less reliable. They include policies, procedures, work practices and rules. They also include all forms of training geared towards equipping people with the knowledge on how to control fires. It is advisable that institutions and recreational facilities embrace administrative controls. Personal protective equipment is also essential in one’s defense against fire. They preve nt injury during fire incidences. It is the least effective as far as the methods for handling hazards are concerned. OSHA has set up regulations that require all employers to control and extinguish fires that break out in their premises. They have the responsibility of planning for the safe evacuation of the premises in the event of a fire. The fire safety requirements are contained in two subparts of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards-29 CFR Subparts L and E (Anonymous, 2004, p. 7). Subpart L outlines the equipment that one must have in place as far as dealing with fires is concerned. They include fire detection systems, fire alarm systems and in-house fire brigades. Additionally, the premises must have fire suppression equipment such as fixed extinguishment systems, portable fire extinguishers, as well as standpipe and hose systems. Subpart E focuses on the emergency exit routes. It deals with emergency action plans and fire prevention plans. The preparedness of the Inn to fire incidences as evidenced by the blaze The management of the Inn had not taken proper measures as far as electrical fire break out is concerned. As aforementioned, one of the guests in the Inn during the time when the fire broke out took the responsibility of informing the others about the looming danger. It is evident that the efforts of Mr. Gose prevented all the tragic outcomes that the fire would have had to all the guests as well as the employees who were present in the Inn at that night. The report also asserted that the Inn was only equipped with smoke alarms, which are not designed to alert people on the break out of electrical fires. This was a violation of the OSHA requirements according to 29 CFR 1910. 165. OSHA requires employers to establish effective alarming systems to alert all the occupants of their facility in case of an emergency. The most common type of standard electrical alarm system is audible alarms. As far as the Calistoga blaze is concerned, one can also conclude that if the Inn had installed fire alarms, then they were either not sensitive enough or they were not properly functioning. OSHA requires that fire alarm systems must be maintained in good working conditions at all times.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Electrical Fire Causes Half Million in Damages to Calistoga Inn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also requires that incase the alarm system is out of service, the employer must have alternative or rather backup systems such as employee runners. The Inn did not have fire detection systems. As provided in the OSHA requirements in 29 CFR 1910. 164, all employers should not only install but also properly maintain automatic fire detection systems in all their facilities. The lack of fire detection systems in the Inn is evidenced by the fact that only one guest noted the electrical fault in one of the bathrooms. Hazards faced by the employees Althoug h no one was injured during the Calistoga Inn fire, the employees faced some consequences. The facility was closed for the facility to be repaired. During that period, almost all the employees remained at home-a drastic change of one’s routine and they may not be comfortable with it. Additionally, not all of the Inn’s seventy employees will be compensated during the time they are forced to be out of work. The insurance company stated that it would only cover the salaries of the ‘key employees’ but they have not yet established who is a ‘key’ employee (Scully, 2012, p.18). Most of the employees also panicked during the incidence an aspect that presents serious health issues to them such as a heart attack. The corrective actions that the Inn should adopt It should provide adequate number of fire detectors and space the around the restaurant as well as the brewery. This will serve effectively in warning the employees and guests in the facility of any incipient fires. The management body of the Inn must ensure that all the installed fire detectors are functional at all times. The only time that they may not be expected to be operational is during repairs and maintenance. Additionally, they should test and adjust all the fire detectors in the facility to maintain reliability and the systems proper operational condition. Detectors also need to be prevented from corrosion especially when installed in areas that are prone to high humidity that promotes corrosion. Research has shown that some of the components may be destroyed during an alarm or test. This requires that the employer should have spare components to ensure that the systems are operational at all times. The Inn also requires an effective set of alarm systems. It must be a distinctive as well as recognizable to all the employees. Just like the fire detection systems, it should be properly maintained to ensure that it is operational at all times. As far as the employe es are concerned, the Inn’s management body should define who their ‘key employees’. This will prevent any confusion between the Inn and the insurance body in compensating the employees.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The employer needs to come up with a fire prevention plan. It requires them to have procedures for regular inspection as well as the maintenance of safeguards installed on heat producing equipment. This helps in preventing the accidental ignition of combustible materials. An effective and reliable fire prevention plan must start by zeroing in on the particular fire hazards of the work place. This calls for employees to look closely at the different parts of the facility in question and examine each of the specific work areas, fixtures, processes and operations to uncover all the hazards (Jones, 2008, p. 38). The management body must also look into the possible electrical hazards. Electrical hazards are usually overlooked as a prime source of fires yet they are the most dangerous sources of fire. Some of the electrical aspects that can lead to fires include overloaded circuits, damaged wiring, defective switches and outlets among others. Inadequate machine and equipment maintenance p resent a threat as far as the break out of electrical fires is concerned. This is due to the inability to detect any electrical problems and system defects, which can lead to fires. Conclusion This paper had discussed in detail the Calistoga Inn fire highlighting the specific sections of the 29 CFR 1910.164 and 29 CFR 1910. 165 that were neglected by the Calistoga Inn administration, the specific hazards that were faced by the employees and guests at the Inn as well as the corrective actions that the administration needs to consider in preventing a similar occurrence in the future. The Inn did not have any fire detection system in place since one of the guests alerted all the people in the facility of a fire break out. Owing to this, the Inn’s management body should strongly consider the installation of fire detection and alarm systems. References Anonymous. (2004). Fire Prevention: Good planning Saves Lives and Property. Safety  Compliance Letter, 2446, 7. Jones, A. M. (20 08). Fire Protection Systems. NY: Cengage Learning. Schroll, C. (2001). Fire Safety Essentials. Occupational Health and Safety, 70(11), 26-32. Scully, S. (2012). Electrical Malfunction Blamed for Calistoga Inn Blaze. Web.

Critical analysis report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis report - Essay Example In case comparison of News; Google offers facility to present our news website for analysis and we are able to offer the news directory to all the contents on website intended for Google to spider. However Bing does not offer such capabilities. As far as the speed of searching is concerned, we will find that Google is on the peak while Bing has a second place. Then in case of high usage of search engines all through the world Google is on the top and Bing gets second place. Example Image is listed below: (Dunn, 2010) and (randfish, 2010) Figure 1-Google Vs Bing –Number of Results Analysis: Source http://www.bing-vs-google.com/?q=best+mobile+set+of+2010 On the other hand Bing permits public allocation for a number of outcomes or results through search results. However Google does not offer such capabilities. After that Bing presents foretaste of the document that is like another search engine known as Ask.com. However Google does not present such beneficial capabilities. Then i n case of online video playback Bing offers video that can be viewed online inside the previews, however Google does not offer such video playback capabilities (Dunn, 2010) and (randfish, 2010). ... An example of such website is presented below: (ZambaGrafix, 2002) Figure 3- Feedback Source http://www.zambagrafix.com/egform.htm Bulletin boards/ discussion forums Another well known interactivity feature of the website is the Bulletin boards/ discussion forums. These offer fundamental places where people are able to put information request queries as well as respond to further providers on line (ZambaGrafix, 2002). Password protected private areas For effective website usage interactivity feature like Password protected private areas is really essential. In this scenario this interactivity feature offers the facility of protection that can comprise varying levels of safety and produced in dissimilar manners, through matching dissimilarities in expenditures of implementation. It as well depends on our server/ISP features. Example of such features is listed below: (ZambaGrafix, 2002) http://www.zambagrafix.com/interact.htm Figure 5- Password protected private areas Source http://www .zamba.com/znetlock.htm Website search engine This is a very important interactivity feature that offers website user a liberty and easiness regarding better contents searching and visiting. Example of such feature is listed below: (ZambaGrafix, 2002) Figure 6- Website search engine Source- http://www.utoronto.ca/ Question No 3 This section will discuss and analyze some of the highly dangerous website security/vulnerability issues, these issues are listed below: SQL Injection SQL injection is about the incorporation of SQL meta-characters in website client input parts, for instance attacker's questions are performed through the database located at the back-end. Generally, website attackers will make a

Development study Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Development study - Research Proposal Example While a vast body of research shows that the internal mismanagement and lack of governance in the recipient nations usually results in non-effective use of aid and a stagnation of long term sustainable growth for these countries, it is also true that in certain cases this aid has been the savior of many maligned and under privileged groups. The ongoing Ebola crisis has been well-publicized by the world media and by the international agencies working hard with the local governments to contain the spread of the virus. It is yet unknown for how long the crises will last or how many people will be ultimately effected in both personal and social contexts but enough economic changes have occurred in the aftermath effects of such a widespread disaster that trends of economic growth, stability and aid distribution can be studied in detail as a quantitative research. The longitudinal study will gather data on the most pertinent economic indicators for the region targeted and compare the pre-Ebola and post-Ebola crises conditions and discuss severe alterations in the pattern and future forecasts. I believe the Masters course in this subject will allow me to strengthen my own foundations about developmental theories and allow me to develop the proposed research up to rigorous academic standards. The world around is changing in a myriad of way and this degree assists academics to understand how the various economic, social, developmental and natural factors interact to effect the different groups of the world. I would like to contribute to this growing and important body of study. Worstall, T., (2014). The Economic Effects Of Ebola On West Africa; Its Because Of The Way The Economies Are Structured. Forbes, economic and Finance. Available at:

Ehtnographic Study paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Ehtnographic Study paper - Essay Example Regarding the students in the entire school, these students’ ethnic background(s), language(s), ages, educational level of community members, behavioral norms and values, and socioeconomic statuses will be evaluated and thoroughly analyzed. Here we will analyze primarily the students in the entire school, with a philosophy of diversity centering upon the particular class. The ethnic mix of the learners, both in the class and in the school, is diverse. The school’s student body is predominantly African-American, although there are small amounts of other races present in the student body. The school used to be more racially diverse years ago. Regarding students’ socioeconomic status, this is diverse as well. The SES of the learners at this high school is varied, but a lot of the students tend to come from backgrounds with socioeconomically disadvantaged status. The primary language spoken is English, and in some cases, Ebonics (although not formally recognized by some as a bona fide language) is widely spoken by the student body. The type of community surrounding the school is in the city. Therefore, this school is an urban school. This school has special populations (special education, ESL/ELL, gifted). This school has a comprehensive special education program. Moreover, however, it has a large gifted population in its 7th-12th grade program. A certain percentage of the 7th and 8th graders in the Gifted program remain to go on for high school there, so there is that factor to consider, too. It is a keystone of any teacher’s philosophy of diversity that the classroom be a place of inclusiveness—whether students be Black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, or of mixed race(s) or races not named here, and be of whatever socioeconomic status, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or cultural affiliation—that students feel that they are equals in the classroom regardless of

Karl Marx Biography

Karl Marx Biography In this essay I will seek to assess the contribution of Karl Heinrich Marx, to the writing of History in this present day. To do that I will look at the factors that influenced the man such as the thinking during the period he grew up in, the political atmosphere at the time, the persons who Karl Marx associated with and those who influenced him and finally I will look at how the writings and theories of Karl Marx changed the way History is written today. Karl Marx was born on the 5th of May 1818 in Trier in Prussia in the geographical area of what is now Germany. He studied at the universities of Bonn, Berlin and Jena. After finishing school he went and wrote for the Rheinisch Zeitung. Marx married his girlfriend Jenny von Westphalen and then he moved to France, it was while in Paris that Marx began to mingle with the working class, while appalled at their poverty while at the same time he was surprised and impressed by their comradely. It was also in Paris that Marx met and became close friends with Friedrich Engels; they both shared similar views on capitalism. Karl Marx had numerous influences and to understand his reasoning we would have to understand his influences, perhaps the greatest influence on Karl Marx was Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. He was one of the foremost philosophers in Germany, with his opinions being widely thought, however his followers were divided into right wing and left wing Hegelians. The Left Wing Hegelians of which Karl Marx associated with were mostly revolutionary figures in politics. Marx did not interact with Hegel on a face to face basis but rather studied under one of his pupils who was Bruno Bauer. Marx was also influenced by his close friend Engels book, The Condition of the Working Class, which had led to the Marxs conception of the historical dialectic of class struggle. Social classes develop on the basis of the different positions that individuals fulfill in the prevailing mode of production-that is, the economy as quoted from Power and Society: An Introduction to the Social Sciences by Brigid C. Harrison, Thomas R. Dye. The central theme of Marxs thinking was the issue of class struggle, he was not the first to understand that society was divided into stratified classes, however he was the first to discover that the existence of classes were interlaced to the forms of production or economic structure in place and that the proletariat which has it meaning in the Latin word proletarius which means the lowest class in society could revolt and lead to the creation of a society without classes. The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. As quoted from The Communist Manifesto and Other Writings by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which basically meant that Marx viewed all forms of society before and up to his time as s tratified ones with persons of the lower classes fighting for a more prominent or higher social class than the one they currently occupied. Karl Marx noted in The Germany Ideology that the class which is the dominant material force in society is at the same time its the dominant intellectual force. Which simply meant that the persons in a position of authority at any period in time are the ones who determine the goals of that age and if we delve deeper into that we can comprehend that if a select group of persons control the thought patterns they will basically use that intellectual advantage to forward progress in their favor or use it to keep to lower classes under subjection or in perpetual poverty unless those lower classes collectively come together to overthrow the ruling classes and ensure that advancement is in favor of all. The contribution of Karl Marx to historiography created a different way of analysis of the past. Historical Materialism was a theory of Marx that afforded the opportunity to use a methodological approach to historians as well as bringing to the forefront, the predicament of persons in the lower classes of society which also ties into History from Below which simply means observing and commenting on historical progress from the view of ordinary persons in society as opposed to the Great Man View which means only writing history from the perspective of kings and other such persons of great influence in society. His reasoning was that, changes in history occurred not by a series of accidents but were the outcome of relationships between people. The hypothesis of Historical Materialism was first originated by Marx in the book Das Kapital: A Critique of Political Economy. He maintained that division of labor is not equal therefore it would lead to some having more than others and out of that would arise conflict and the only path to the complete change and abolition of societal hierarchy would be through social or political upheaval. The theory of Historical Materialism is divided into a three-part social structure, which are: the productive forces, the relations of production, and the political and ideological superstructure. The Functional Explanation is what is put forward by the theory in an attempt to explain why these three parts are an asset to each other and are essential for progress. An example of this view in use by a historian can be seen in the works of F.W. Walbank who speculated that these productive forces were responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire, whos rate of production remained the same whilst the cost of maintenance and expansion increased and that when combined with the use of slaves who were offered no incentives and viewed all forms of labor with contempt was what kneelt the death blow to the roman empire. Marx deemed that to prevent a repeat of the fall of the Roman Empire in modern societies, society would have to develop and move forward in a series of stages. Some of which had already come to pass and the present one in which he lived. These stages in order of appearance were; Communalism or Primitive communism because of the lack of individual ownership of property and the lack of social hierarchy, where persons who lived under this system shared everything and life was not looked at from an individual stand point but rather from the stand point of the group as a whole as they hunted and gathered together, The stage that followed was the Slave Society, this was such as it was the emergence of classes where there was a section of society that owned slaves and then there was the slaves themselves, agriculture was developed to a point where it could support large populations also persons no had private property and such some persons had more than others and possess the wealth to buy even persons and view them as property, after came Feudalism which came to prominence during the European middle ages, where the lands were ruled by a small land owning nobility who got their positions of power by; inheritance, conquest or marriage, the major classes during Feudalism were; Kings, Lord and Serfs who were on par with slaves with the difference mainly being in the name and the fact that they were not legally owned by the landlords, nest came Capitalism which had an economy based on mechanical production, most individuals had personal property, it was not ruled by monarchs but it was a democracy where power was awarded by the people through election, this however does not mean that there was universal suffrage, also in a capitalist system workers were paid wages for duties performed which in turn led to the existence of financial institutions, however Marx viewed capitalism as an evil to be abolished for a better for of society because capitalism still had a minority ow ning most of the resources while the majority had none and labored for miniscule wages in deplorable conditions, Socialism was the next best thing as it had a planned economy with no personal ownership of property with the ruling being done by groups of the common people who had no real higher social status than the persons who they governed and finally came Pure Communism which was basically the same as socialism but without any remnants of capitalism. The contribution that Marx therefore had on history was that Historians who used his theories in research focus on specific points such as the growth of productive forces in society, civilizations characterized by the dominate classes and their relationship to production, and the view of political institutions in a broader social context. Marx also was criticized heavily for is theory on history, in Historiography: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern by Ernst Breisach it was said that the theory was destructive to the existing social order, to empirical research, and to a truly historical view of the world. This was due to the strict guidelines by which Marx viewed history as in there was no leeway to explore other reasons for the way things happened and the way they are now. In conclusion, the theory of Historical Materialism by Karl Marx was influential the world over to both historians and on-historians alike, it offered tools and definitions that aid the study of history today. He brought to history the focus on the classes of society and the effect they have on civilization also he started to shift away from the notion that history was only to be written about Great Men but instead can also be written from the perspective of common folk. It was said of Marx by Che Guevara he suddenly produces a qualitative change in the history of social thought. He interprets history, understands its dynamic, predicts the future, but in addition to predicting it, he expresses a revolutionary concept: the world must not only be interpreted, it must be transformed.

Dinosaur Fossil Discoveries in Antarctica :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Dinosaur Fossil Discoveries in Antarctica The chance of two different research groups finding two different fossils that are in fact two different kinds of species within the course of a week is close to impossible. However, this rare and lucky occurrence in the paleontology world has occured. Two research teams have retrieved fossils of two different dinosaurs in Antarctica that might possibly be unknown species. Judd Case and James Martin discovered bones, specifically those of the lower legs and feet, as well as the animal’s upper jaw and teeth. These fossils are said to be related to the carnivorous theropods, such as tyrannosaurs and velociraptors. Theropods have been related with birds and this new fossil’s feet as well as teeth relate it to the extinct carnivores. Also, due to the size and shape of the foot and leg bones, the animal is said to be a running dinosaur about six to eight feet tall. Thousands of miles away from this excavation sight and during the same week, William Hammer and his research team were in the mountains of Antarctica, about thirteen thousand feet, specifically near the Beardmore Glacier. The pelvis to a plant-eating dinosaur was found buried in solid rock. This pelvis is said to belong to a family of the sauropod, such as the brachiosaurus and diplodocus. â€Å"... Hammer and his fellow researchers believe the pelvis- one meter (three feet) across- isfrom a primitive sauropod that represents one of the earlier forms of emerging dinosaur lineage that eventually produced animals more than thirty meters (100 feet) long† (www.nsf.gov 2004). This animal is estimated to be up to seven feet tall and thirty feet long. These findings are important to paleontology as scientists work to discover more about the Earth’s past. These fossils give more insight into the Earth’s environment million’s of years ago. The fact that these fossils may be new species’ that paleontologists were not even aware of shows how little we may know about the history of the world and what other life walked on the Earth.